Linux: Command Line Basics

https://www.suse.com/c/working-command-line-basic-linux-commands/

1. Find Linux kernel using uname command

uname is the Linux command for getting system information. You can also use it to find out whether you’re using a 32-bit or 64-bit system.

Open a terminal and type in the following command:

uname -r
Checking Linux kernel version in command line

The output  will be something similar to this:

4.4.0-97-generic

This means that you’re running Linux kernel 4.4.0-97, or in more generic terms, you are running Linux kernel version 4.4.

But what do the other digits mean here? Let me explain:

  • 4 – Kernel version
  • 4 – Major revision
  • 0 – Minor revision
  • 97 – Bug fix
  • generic – Distribution-specific string. For Ubuntu, it means I’m using the desktop version. For Ubuntu server edition, it would be ‘server’.

You can also use the uname command with the option -a. This will provide more system information if you need it.

uname -a
Checking Linux kernel version in command line

The output of the command should like this:

Linux itsfoss 4.4.0-97-generic #120-Ubuntu SMP Tue Sep 19 17:28:18 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Let me explain the output and what it means:

  • Linux – Kernel name. If you run the same command on BSD or macOS, the result will be different.
  • itsfoss – Hostname.
  • 4.4.0-97-generic – Kernel release (as we saw above).
  • #120-Ubuntu SMP Tue Sep 19 17:28:18 UTC 2017 – This means that Ubuntu has compiled 4.4.0-97-generic 120 times. A timestamp for the last compilation is also there.
  • x86_64 – Machine architecture.
  • x86_64 – Processor architecture.
  • x86_64 – Operating system architecture (you can run a 32-bit OS on a 64-bit processor).
  • GNU/Linux – Operating system (and no, it won’t show the distribution name).

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